Resources for Nedarim 36
The גמרא discusses whether someone can take his own produce and make it תרומה to be מתיר someone else’s produce; do we say it’s a זכות for the owner so it works or do we say perhaps it is not a זכות since he would rather do the מצוה himself. The רשב"אasks how could there be a הוה אמינא that it works? If the owner never appointed you a שליח it can’t possibly work because שליחות is an absolute requirement for הפרשת תרומה. We see that from the גמרא in חולין דף י"בwhere an owner appointed someone to take תרומה for them and when the שליח went there they found that someone else had taken תרומה for them. The גמרא says that the תרומה is not חל. In that case the owner was obviously ניחא ליה and yet it still doesn’t work because there was no official מינוי שליחות. Clearly, actual מינוי שליחותis required. The רשב"א answers that our case is different because in our case you are using your own produce to make it תרומהso you don’t need מינוי שליחות whereas in the case in חולין it is someone else’s produce so you need מינוי שליחות. What exactly does the רשב"א means? There is a famous קצות החושן in סימן רמ"ג ס"ק ח who says that the רשב"א means to say that you can only say זכין לאדם שלא בפניו but not זכין מאדם שלא בפניו. In other words, we only say זכין מאדם שלא בפניו if you are giving them something. However, if you are using their stuff, then you need שליחות and ניחותא is never enough. The קובץ הערות in סימן ל"ז אות ד and many other אחרונים learn the רשב"א very differently. The קובץ הערות understands that the רשב"א means the following: there are two parts to הפרשת תרומה--one is making some of the produce תרומה and the other is being מתיר the איסור תבל from everything else. To remove the איסור תבל just requires the ניחותא of the owner. However, how can someone go over to your produce and magically turn it into תרומה? They aren’t the owner! Even if they know you’d appreciate it, they still aren’t the owners. The only way that can work is if the owner appointed you as their שליח. Therefore, the רשב"א says that if you are using your own produce to מתיר someone else’s, that can work with ניחותא. However, you cant turn someone else fruit into תרומה without them appointing you as a שליח. The שולחן ערוך in יו"ד סימן סימן שכ"ה סעיף גpaskens that if someone sees someone else’s עיסה and knows that if they aren’t מפריש חלה for them and bake it immediately it will be ruined, they may be מפריש חלה for them even without permission because זכין לאדם שלא בפניו. This is not like either explanation mentioned above of the רשב"א. Rather, it comes from the תרומת הדשן who paskens we do say זכין לאדם שלא בפניו even where it is the owners produce, and the גמרא in חולין is not a proof against this because perhaps in that case the person who was מפריש תרומה without permission doesn’t know if you give בעין יפה or not and you are מקפּיד under normal circumstances to have a specific person do the הפרשה for you. However, in our case where you certainly want someone to save your food and be מפריש the תרומה it would work.
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